And you thought Wisconsin winters were cold! Activities in the Cryogenics and High Current Laboratories focus on providing refrigeration and cooling for superconducting applications. With the emergence of the new high temperature superconductors (HTS), operating temperatures reach 80 K (-193 °C). The laboratory also provides expertise in the use of superfluid helium, with an associated operating temperature of less than 2 K (-271 °C). Lab efforts are directed at reducing refrigeration loads for low-temperature superconducting magnets; developing and integrating cryocoolers into HTS electronic devices for med-ical and communication applications; testing small- and large-scale superconductors with currents up to 100 kA; and studying heat transfer in liquid and superfluid helium.

• John M. Pfotenhauer

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